Review and prospects of the application of Bragg optical sensors for assessing the mechanical properties of nanocomposites in bioengineering
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31649/1681-7893-2026-51-1-243-258Keywords:
Bragg optical sensors; fiber Bragg gratings; nanocomposites; mechanical properties; deformation; stress; polymer optical fibers; monitoring; control.Abstract
The assessment of the mechanical properties of nanocomposite materials is an important scientific and technical task due to their widespread implementation in biomedical engineering, energy, aerospace and automotive industries. Ensuring reliable control of deformations, stress, elastic modulus and damage processes at the micro- and nano-levels requires the use of highly sensitive non-destructive monitoring methods compatible with the material structure of the object. The article provides a systematic review of modern research on the use of Bragg optical sensors (Fiber Bragg Gratings, FBG) for assessing the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. The physical principles of FBG operation, mechanisms of strain transfer from the nanocomposite matrix to the optical fiber, as well as methods for integrating sensors into composite materials are considered. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of FBGs polymerized in glass and optical fibers, with an emphasis on mechanical compatibility, sensitivity and stability of measurements. The possibilities of using FBGs for determining deformations, stresses, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, as well as for monitoring the initiation and development of damage in nanocomposites are analyzed. It is shown that Bragg optical sensors have significant advantages compared to traditional strain gauge methods, in particular electromagnetic insensitivity, long-term multiplexing and metrological stability. The prospects for the application of FBGs in medicine and bioengineering are especially important, including in situ and in vivo monitoring of the mechanical properties of biocompatible and biodegradable nanocomposites. Key areas of further research related to the development of polymer and functionalized FBGs, integration with distributed sensing methods and the use of digital twins of materials are identified.
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